Pets’ Uterine Diseases

 

🐾 Uterine Diseases in Dogs and Cats: Symptoms, Risks, and Veterinary Treatments

The uterus plays a vital role in reproduction—but when things go wrong, it can become a source of serious illness. In unspayed female dogs and cats, uterine diseases can range from silent fluid buildup to life-threatening infections. Early detection and proper treatment are essential to protect your pet’s health.

Let’s explore the most common uterine conditions and how veterinarians treat them.

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🧪 1. Hydrometra

Definition: Accumulation of sterile, watery fluid in the uterus
Cause: Hormonal imbalance—especially elevated progesterone after heat cycles
Symptoms: Often asymptomatic; may cause infertility
Diagnosis: Ultrasound or X-ray to detect fluid buildup
Treatment:

• Dinoprost (Lutalyse): Induces uterine contractions to expel fluid

• Vaginal saline infusion

• Spaying is the only permanent solution
  Note: Risk of recurrence is high if not spayed

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🧪 2. Mucometra

Definition: Buildup of sterile mucus in the uterus
Cause: Similar to hydrometra; linked to cystic endometrial hyperplasia
Symptoms: Usually silent; may cause uterine enlargement
Diagnosis: Imaging and blood tests
Treatment:

• Dinoprost or similar prostaglandin therapy

• Vaginal flushing

• Spaying recommended to prevent future episodes

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🧫 3. Pyometra (Medical Emergency)

Definition: Infection of the uterus with pus accumulation
Cause: Bacterial invasion after heat cycle; immune suppression due to progesterone
Symptoms:

• Vaginal discharge (often foul-smelling)

• Lethargy, vomiting, poor appetite

• Increased thirst and urination

• Fever, bloated belly, collapse
  Diagnosis:

• Ultrasound/X-ray

• Blood tests (infection markers, organ function)
  Treatment:

• Emergency spay surgery (ovariohysterectomy)

• IV fluids, antibiotics, hospitalization

• Medical management (only in breeding animals, rarely successful)

⚠️ Pyometra is fatal if untreated. Immediate veterinary care is essential.

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🛡️ Prevention Tips

• Spay your pet before the first or second heat cycle

• Monitor for abnormal discharge or behavior post-heat

• Avoid breeding older females without veterinary guidance

• Regular checkups and ultrasound screening for intact females

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🏁 Final Thoughts

Uterine diseases are often silent until they become dangerous. By understanding the risks and recognizing early signs, pet owners can take life-saving action. Spaying is not just a reproductive choice—it’s a powerful preventive tool against uterine disease.

Your pet’s health begins with awareness. Let compassion and knowledge guide your care.